75-13-8

Description

Physical properties

Isocyanic acid (ICA) is a potent organic acid that is highly reactive and can transform into other substances, particularly isocyanates, in the presence of a strong base. It exists as a tautomer of the less stable cyanic acid, and these forms can interchange through a tautomerization reaction. ICA is an unstable liquid above 0°C and tends to polymerize, with the primary polymerization product being cyanuric acid, a cyclic trimer. While soluble in water, ICA can disintegrate through ionization and the formation of ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Uses

Despite its chemical properties, Isocyanic acid does not have direct commercial uses due to its instability. However, it can be generated as a thermal degradation product in certain industrial processes, leading to potential occupational exposure. Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is a derivative of ICA and is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of carbamate pesticides, as well as in the production of polyurethane foam and plastics. Ethyl isocyanate, another derivative, is commercially utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. Phenyl isocyanate is a trace constituent found in commercial diphenyl methane diisocyanate products.

Preparation

Isocyanic acid was prepared in pure form by reaction of KOCN or NaOCN with stearic or oxalic acid in good yield.

Definition

ChEBI: A colourless, volatile, poisonous inorganic compound with the formula HNCO; the simplest stable chemical compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, the four most commonly-found elements in organic chemistry and biology.

Hazard

Severe explosion risk. Strong irritant to eyes, skin and mucous membranes.