544-17-2

Description

Calcium formate is a white to almost white fine crystalline powder. It can be used an accelerator for the pozzolanic cement pastes. On the one hand, it shortens the initial and final setting times and increases the compressive strength and combined water content as well as gel/space ratio at all ages of hydration. On the other hand, it decreases the total porosity. It has been shown that it has a growth-promoting effect in weanling pigs challenged with E. coli, independently of their susceptibility to the intestinal adhesion of this strain. More importantly, calcium formate can be used as a nutrient supplement to the feed of young growing pigs or fattening poultry, further boosting the growth of animals and the feed utilization. At the same time, it causes a reduction of the occurrence of piglet diarrhea.

Chemical Properties

Calcium formate, Ca(HCOO)2, is the calcium salt of formic acid, HCOOH. It is also known as food additive E238 in food industry. The mineral form is very rare and called formicaite. It is known from a few boron deposits. It may be produced synthetically by reacting calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide with formic acid.

Uses

Calcium Formate is Hydrophobic additives for construction materials.Formic Acid is used as a potential energy source in the preparation of fuel cells. Also used in chemical synthesis of various anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agents.

Reactions

Calcium formate can be used to prepare solutions of other water-soluble formate salts. For example, the addition of nickel (II) sulfate to a solution of calcium formate results in the precipitation of insoluble calcium sulfate, leaving nickel (II) formate in solution: Ca(OOCH)2 + NiSO1 → CaSO4 + Ni(OOCH)2 In a similar reaction, sulfuric acid reacts with calcium formate to provide low-cost solutions of formic acid: Ca(OOCH)2 + H2 SO4 → CaSO4 + 2HCOOH When heated, calcium formate decomposes to calcium carbonate and formaldehyde: Ca(OOCH)2 → CaCO3 + HCHO Calcium formate can be used as a low-cost reducing agent in the conversion of carboxylic acids to aldehydes. This process is an effective substitute for the troublesome Rosenmund reduction. (RCOO)2Ca + (HCOO)2CA → 2RCH + 2CaCO3

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Safety Profile

Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. An eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also CALCIUM COMPOUNDS.

Purification Methods

Recrystallise it from water (5mL/g) by partial evaporation in a desiccator. [Beilstein 2 IV 16.]

Toxicity evaluation

Calcium formate has a low order of toxicity. In rats, the acute oral LD50 is 2650mg/kg; by intravenous injection, the LD50 is 154mg/kg. In a study with rats, calcium formate added to the drinking water at 0.2% for 3 years or 0.4% for 2 years didn't affect growth, fertility or function in up to 5 generations. Calcium formate would be expected to be irritating to the eyes and skin. In case of eye contact, immediately flush the eyes with water for 15 minutes. Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure of the skin.